High testosterone in women, also known as hyperandrogenism, can cause many of the same effects found in men. Women naturally have low levels of circulating testosterone, which is produced by the ovaries. Abnormally evaluated levels of testosterone in women can be caused by various medical conditions, including polycystic ovarian syndrome, adrenal disease, and Cushing syndrome. According to Mayo Clinic, polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most-recognized reproductive disorders in childbearing women. PCOS is also to blame for a large percentage of women with hyperandrogenism. Effects of high testosterone in women correlate to the masculinizing effects of this male sex hormone. It can also cause other significant effects.
Menstrual Problems
Most women with high amounts of testosterone will experience disturbances in their menstrual cycle. Some women may have a form of amenorrhea or her period may cease altogether. Other times, a woman may experience oligomenorrhea, which are light or infrequent menstrual cycles. Over time, changes to a woman’s menstrual cycle could result in infertility.
Acne
Many women with high levels of testosterone will notice an increase in acne. This side effect is present when the high amounts of testosterone boost sebum production, clogging the pores on the skin. Inflammation and bacteria found on the skin can also contribute to breakouts on the face, chest, and back. Regular acne prevention, including topical medications, regular washing of areas of skin affected by acne, and over-the-counter products can help relieve these symptoms.
Hirsutism
Hirsutism is a medical condition in which a woman develops hair growth in areas that would typically only be seen in a man. According to Mayo Clinic, hirsutism is caused by excess androgens, typically testosterone. Treatment for this effect can include a multitude of hair removal methods, including laser hair removal and electrolysis. In addition, oral contraceptives and other prescription medications can help to relieve this side effect.
Virilization
One major indication of high testosterone in women is virilization. Side effects of virilization can include lowering of the voice, enlargement of the clitoris, and breast atrophy. This effect of high testosterone is also often linked with tumors found on the ovaries or adrenal glands. Virilization can also increase a woman’s libido and can lead to gain of male-associated muscle gain. Without treatment, this condition can result in an increased risk of hypertension and heart disease.
Hair Loss
Androgenetic alopecia or male pattern hair loss is a common effect of high testosterone in women. Generally, hair loss initially starts at the vertex of the scalp and will continue to the temples. Diffuse loss may also occur all over the scalp. According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, more than fifteen percent of women who experience male pattern hair loss have reported excess levels of androgens, including testosterone.
Most women produce low levels of the hormone testosterone in the adrenal glands and ovaries. When testosterone is produced in excessive amounts in women, the results can be dramatic – ranging from acne to changes in natural processes of the body. Early diagnosis and treatment of hyperandrogenism can help to prevent the development of permanent changes in a woman’s body.